Question # 1 (One or more answers) When irradiating natural magnesium with deuterons in order to produce carrier free ²²Na one should

A) irradiate during as short time as possible
B) irradiate during as long time as possible
C) carry out a chemical separation after the irradiation
D) add inactive sodium as carrier before the irradiation
E) wait after the irradiation until all ²⁴Na has decayed

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Question # 2 (One answer) In an irradiation during ½ half-life of the produced radionuclide the amount produced is about

A) 14% of the amount produced during an infinitively long irradiation
B) 29% of the amount produced during an infinitively long irradiation
C) 47% of the amount produced during an infinitively long irradiation
D) 71% of the amount produced during an infinitively long irradiation
E) 98% of the amount produced during an infinitively long irradiation

Question # 3 (One or more answers) In a compound nucleus reaction between charged ions and target is

A) in general neutron rich nuclides produced
B) in general proton rich nuclides produced
C) most of the excitation energy normally emitted as photons
D) most of the excitation energy normally emitted as protons
E) most of the excitation energy normally emitted as neutrons

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Question # 4 (One answer) During irradiation of natural ruthenium with thermal neutrons several radioactive ruthenium isotopes are produced. What can be done to produce radiochemically pure ¹⁰³Ru from this mixture?

A) Irradiate the target during the shortest possible time in the highest available flux
B) Wait two months after the end of the irradiation before chemical processing of the target
C) Irradiate the target in a very low flux
D) Wait at least two weeks before the target is irradiated for the first time
E) Irradiate the target two times with a day in betweenn

Question # 5 (One or more answers) In order to be able to use the relation k = f*s*N_t with only a small error in the result it is necessary that

A) one has a good pocket calculator
B) the number of nuclear reactions is small compared to the number of target atoms
C) the number of target atoms is much smaller than the number of projectiles used
D) the projectile energy remains constant throughout the target
E) the projectile flux doesn't decrease in passing through the target

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Question # 6 (Answer in Tabular form) Which of the following starting materials and reactions can be used to produce ⁷⁴As. Mark all possible combinations of starting nuclides and reactions in the following table. If you make an erroneous mark you can correct it by clicking on your new choice.

Question # 7 (One answer) One needs to produce ⁹⁹Mo with the highest possible specific activity for use as mother in a ^99mTc-generator. The best way to do this is to

A) irradiate isotopically pure ⁹²Mo with fast neutrons
B) irradiate molybdenum metal with a high flux of thermal neutrons
C) irradiate isotopically pure ¹⁰⁰Mo with a-particles in a cyclotron
D) irradiate ²³⁵U with thermal neutrons and separate ⁹⁹Mo from the mixture of fission products
E) irradiate isotopically pure ⁹⁸Mo with protons

Question # 8 (One answer) In order to determine if a target shall be regarded as thin or thick one uses

A) a support plate of aluminum behind the target
B) the surface weight of the target material
C) the back side of a graph paper
D) the diameter of the target divided by its total weight
E) a stereo microscope and nonie

Question # 9 (One answer) After a neutron irradiation of a piece of pure copper and dissolution of the target one observes two hours after the end of irradiation a g-line at 1115 keV in the aqueous phase after all copper has been extracted with acetyl acetone in toluene. Study first the chart of nuclides in the area around copper and click then on the button which bears the name of the nuclide which you believe corresponds to the observed radioactive impurity in the irradiated target.

Question # 10 (One answer) In order to produce carrier free ²⁴Na one can use one of the following reactions. Which one?

A) ²³Na(n,g)²⁴Na
B) ²⁵Mg(g,n)²⁴Na
C) ²⁵Na(n,2n)²⁴Na
D) ²⁶Mg(d,a)²⁴Na
E) ²¹F(a,n)²⁴Na

Question # 11 (One or more answers) The Szilard-Chalmers process is used

A) to produce carrier free radionuclides
B) to separated radioactive methyl iodide from ethanol
C) in the extraction av bromo acetone with water
D) sometimes in neutron irradiation of alkyl halides
E) after sufficient retention has been obtained

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Question # 12 (One or more answers) In the chemical treatment of irradiated targets for radionuclide production you should

A) use equipment made of stainless steel
B) avoid the addition of any inactive carrier which is isotopic with the radionuclide
C) avoid opening of the container with the target still inside
D) try to remove other undesired radionuclides
E) work as slow as possible in order to minimize your exposure to radiation

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Question # 13 (One answer) In order to produce carrier free and radiochemically pure ¹³⁷Cs one can

A) recover cesium from a fission product mixture produced by neutron irradiation of ²³⁵U
B) irradiate natural xenon with neutrons
C) irradiate isotopically pure ¹³⁶Xe with neutrons
D) irradiate ¹³⁸Ba with fast neutrons
E) irradiate ¹²⁷I with ¹⁸O-ions in a cyclotron

Question # 14 (One or more answers) In order to produce a radiochemically pure radionuclide it is often possible to

A) use a unique nuclear reaction
B) carry out a chemical separation after the irradiation
C) filter the neutrons used through a Cd-foil
D) irradiate the target during a very long time
E) use an irradiation capsule of Pyrex

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Question # 15 (One answer) One of the following procedures is recommended to be applied before use of any ³H-labeled organic compound. Which one?

A) Auto-chromatography on a MnO₂ column
B) Combustion in an oxygen flame
C) Chemical purification from foreign molecules
D) Storage until the activity has decayed sufficiently
E) Checking of the age of the compound by using the C-14 method

Question # 16 (One or more answers) Neutron rich nuclides are

A) produced in spallation reactions
B) produced by n,g- reactions
C) produced by irradiating a suitable target with high energy a-particles in a cyclotron
D) produced by separation from a mixture of fission products
E) never produced in exoergic nuclear reactions

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Question # 17 (One or more answers) The labeling of a molecule with a radionuclide can be

A) general
B) specific
C) bio degradable
D) environmentally benign
E) auto-synthetic

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Question # 18 (One answer) ISOLDE is the name of

A) a norse goddess
B) a powerful extraction reagent
C) an experimental setup at CERN
D) a piece of equipment in Studsvik
E) isotopically separated old deuterium of very high purity

Question # 19 (One answer) The Bateman equations are

A) a description of how Bateman may interact with Christopher Robin
B) an expression for the running of time during radioactive decay
C) a general solution to the differential equations for successive decay
D) a special case of the law of entropy
E) a description of daughter nuclides in secular equilibrium with their mothers

Question # 20 (One answer) In order to carry out a non-specific labeling of organic molecules with ¹⁴C-atoms it is possible to use one of the following reactions on a routine basis. Which one?

A) ¹³C(n,g)¹⁴C
B) ¹⁴C(b^-)¹⁴N
C) ¹⁴N(n,p)¹⁴C
D) ³He(n,p)³H
E) ¹⁵C(b^-)¹⁴C

Correct answers to each question can be obtained by clicking on the corresponding button below