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Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry self-test # 22

Comprises Chapter 22

This is a self grading test of your knowledge. It consists of 20 randomly chosen questions with single or multiple answers. The questions with single answers have round buttons and the questions with perhaps more than one correct answer have square buttons. Answer the questions by clicking on the corresponding button in the list of alternative answers. On questions with a single answer (round buttons to click on), it is only possible to mark one of the alternative answers as correct.
Grading of the completed test is automatic when you click on the button marked "GRADE MY ANSWERS" at the end of the test.
Correct answers can be read by clicking on the button having the same number as the question. You find these buttons at the end of the test. You can also refresh your memory first by jumping directly to the answer buttons and click on them to get answers and read relevant parts of the book before doing this test.
On the questions with one or more possible answers (squares to click on) only the first click on each button is recorded as an answer. Hence you must click on the reset button below the question before you can change the original answer(s). Failure to do this will probably make the answers on this question regarded as wrong in the grading process.
Please observe that your teacher may require a deeper understanding of the treated subject than reflected by this test. In case you have any valuable comments or questions regarding this self-test, explain them in an e-mail to: jol@nc.chalmers.se 


Question # 1 (Answers in Table form) The Figure below shows a speciation diagram for the range of reactions to be considered in studying the environmental behavior of plutonium? Mark in the Table below the texts that corresponds to the blue letters in the Figure.

A B C D E F G H
Hydrolysis Complexation
Precipitation
Pu(III)
PU(IV) B
Pu(V) C
Pu(VI) D
Redox
Sorption

 

Question # 2 (One answer) Which of the following operations in the nuclear fuel cycle has the dominating environmental effect in terms of dose to the global population?

    A) Mining and milling of uranium
    B) Fabrication of nuclear fuel
    C) Operation of nuclear power reactors
    D) Reprocessing of nuclear fuel
    E) Storage of radioactive waste

Question # 3 (One answer) Which of the following sources of radiation gave the smallest average annual dose to persons during the year 2000?

    A) Chernobyl accident
    B) Medical diagnosis
    C) Natural background radiation
    D) Nuclear fuel cycle
    E) Nuclear weapons tests

Question # 4 (One answer) How was the Chernobyl accident first discovered outside the Soviet Union?

    A) Activity found on the deck of fishing vessels in the Baltic Sea
    B) Activity in air samples taken by a university in Britain
    C) High radiation levels at the Forsmark nuclear power station in Sweden
    D) Increased radiation levels registered outside Oslo in Norway
    E) Radiation alarm from air sampling stations in the US

Question # 5 (One answer) What is the major source of the trans-uranium elements now present in the environment?

    A) Nuclear underground explosions
    B) Nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere
    C) Reprocessing operations in Europe
    D) The Chernobyl accident
    E) The Three Mile Island core meltdown

Question # 6 (One answer) The pH-value in the oceans is permanently fixed to a special value by reactions with various rocks and sediments. What is the pH of ocean water?

    A) 4.4
    B) 5.8
    C) 7.0
    D) 8.2
    E) 9.7

Question # 7 (One answer) Eh-pH diagrams have a second name. They are also called

    A) Avogadro plots
    B) Hertzsprung-Russel diagrams
    C) Pourbaix diagrams
    D) Speciation diagrams
    E) Titration charts

Question # 8 (One or more answers) When the pH of solutions containing Pu4+ is increased slowly

    A)disproportionation converts Pu4+ to Pu3+ 
    B) hydrogen gas is evolved
    C) plutonium is oxidized to PuO22+ 
    D) plutonium polymers begin to form
    E) their color shifts to green

In case of an error in the answers above, please click on this button before making any corrections 

Question # 9 (One answer) The calculation of actinide ion speciation is based on?

    A) Guesswork
    B) Probability theory
    C) Stability constants
    D) The hydrodynamic paradox
    E) The Monte-Carlo method

Question # 10 (One answer) The dominating uranium species at pH 8 in a water which is in equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide is

    A) UO22+ 
    B) UO2(OH)2 
    C) (UO2)2(OH)22+ 
    D) UO2(CO3)22- 
    E) UO2(CO3)34- 

Question # 11 (One or more answers) Which of the following are important to include in order to make a reliable speciation calculation?

    A) All solids which can provide the limiting solubility of any solute
    B) Equilibrium equations for all species in solution
    C) The name of the computer code used
    D) The oversaturation with regard to each solid phase
    E) The stopping power of the solution

In case of an error in the answers above, please click on this button before making any corrections 

Question # 12 (One answer) Calculated values can be compared with measured data in order to increase confidence in the calculations and the data used. In case of geochemical modelling calculations the systems to compare with are called

    A) artificial analogues
    B) natural analogues
    C) natural standards
    D) test cases
    E) validators

Question # 13 (One or more answers) The initial radioactive inventory for spent nuclear fuel consists mainly of

    A) actinides
    B) activation products
    C) boron carbide
    D) fission products
    E) trans-actinide elements

In case of an error in the answers above, please click on this button before making any corrections 

Question # 14 (One answer) The various conditions and phenomena that in the future may lead to a release of radioactive nuclides from a final repository are collected in what is called

    A) catastrophes
    B) events
    C) probabilities
    D) scenarios
    E) unpredictables

Question # 15 (One answer) When the dissolution rate of the content of a waste canister is assumed to control the release of any radionuclide present the process is called

    A) congruent dissolution
    B) content controlled
    C) incongruent dissolution
    D) relaxed
    E) speed limited

Question # 16 (One answer) Concrete used for waste containers will slowly deteriorate in a wet environment due to the leaching out of

    A) aluminum
    B) barium
    C) calcium
    D) cesium
    E) silica

Question # 17 (One answer) The time for a leached radionuclide to move from an underground repository through rock to the surface is determined by the

    A) Coriolis effect
    B) normal distribution
    C) retention factor
    D) transition equation
    E) uncertainty factor


Question # 18 (One or more answers) The most commonly considered materials for waste canisters are

    A) aluminum
    B) cadmium
    C) copper
    D) iron
    E) zinc

In case of an error in the answers above, please click on this button before making any corrections 

Question # 19 (One answer) The safety evaluation of a waste repository normally includes a

    A) bribe
    B) non-proliferation statement
    C) per capsulam decision
    D) performance assessment
    E) performance demonstration

Question # 20 (One answer) In a section of the Pocos de Caldas formation most of the thorium and rare earth transport is caused by colloidal

    A) calcium sulphate
    B) goethite particles
    C) manganese nodules
    D) uranyl phosphate
    E) zinc blende

Correct answers to each question can be obtained by clicking on the corresponding button below

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(Updated 2001-08-29)